Týden 10
Methods
of pedagogical research
A) in the phase of realization
(gathering of information and pieces of knowledge) of research
-
Exploration
methods – methods used for obtaining new data
B) after
realization the phase of processing results of the research follows
- Methods of processing of obtained data,
usually mathematical-statistic methods
- Methods
of quantitative evaluation
- Methods
of qualitative evaluation
Exploration methods
- Observation
- Experimental
methods
- Interview
- Questionnaire,
inquiry
- Tests
- Sociometric
method
- Analysis
of products of activity
- Anamnesis
Observation
Basic requirements:
-
purposefulness
-
planning
-
systematicness
Mistakes in observation
- Superficiality
and generality
- Not
noticing of crucial qualities
- Concluding
of premature conclusions
- Wrong
terminology
- Interpretation
without context is missing
- Halloo
effect
- Logical
mistake
- Effect
of goodness (mistake of mildness)
- Mistake
of contrast
- Influence
of tradition and prejudices
- Background
and figure
Experiment = intentional evocation of particular psychic phenomenon
Basic characteristics:
-
Intentional
evocation of particular psychic phenomenon
-
Control
and possibility of change of conditions
-
Isolation
of examining phenomenon
-
Possibility
of exact repetition
Kinds of experiment
•
Laboratory
•
Natural
•
Fieldwork
Interview
•
Research
•
Educational
•
Diagnostic
•
Individual
•
Group
Methodical principles of leading interview
•
Obtaining
good contact with a pupil
•
Clear
objective and strategy
•
Content
and form that are suitable for age and abilities of pupils
•
Non-suggestive
questions
•
Encouraging,
accepting rather than criticizing
•
Not
to have long monologues
Basic mistakes during interview:
•
Too
authoritative dealing with a pupil (parent)
•
Too
friendly treatment
•
Fast
changing of questions and answers
•
Constant
regulation
•
Unprepared
interview
•
Premature
conclusions
•
Impatience,
paying no attention
•
Impulsivity,
interrupting by other questions
•
Unnecessary
emotivity
•
To
let the other person listen (passivity of listener)
Questionnaire
Requirements for usage:
•
To
specify the aim and tasks
•
Questions
aimed at verifying of hypotheses
•
Statistic
processness
•
Clear,
concrete and unambiguous formulation, stylistically and grammatically correct
•
Logical
order of questions, questions suitable for age and abilities, non-suggestive
•
Pre-research
•
The
end – to thank for cooperation, personal data
Advantages and disadvantages of QUESTIONNAIRE
Disadvantages
•
Superficiality
•
Impossibility
to give complementary questions
•
Low
returnability
•
Problem
of veracity of answers
•
Effort
to get socially demanded answers
Advantages
•
Easy
quantitative evaluation
•
Economy
(time and material)
•
Uniformity
•
Possibility
of bigger research sample
•
Possibility
of anonymity
Tests
Tests of productivity
- Tests of intelligence
- Tests of abilities
- Tests of knowledge (didactic tests, used also by teachers)
Tests of personality (